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吾如何使商業郵件通過垃圾郵件過濾器,以 SPF、DKIM 與 DMARC
Written by · 2026-05-28 · via Latest news
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凯瑞·万/ZDNET

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ZDNET核心要点

  • 有三项DNS记录可护汝域,使汝邮件免入垃圾箱。
  • 三者皆行,则周全无虞。 
  • 亦能防汝域遭劫持。

若君频寄工作之函,而终不得回音,君之函甚或落人 spam 文件夹矣。 

此中缘由,非必关乎函中内容。多见者,君之域未得认证,此使收件服务器有由,默将君之函置 spam 文件夹中。 

复有:何谓烧信之术可护吾之邮匣——设之易且无费

吾尝见此术,往往出人意料,即有 email 内容甚佳之团队亦不免罹难。幸而,有易解之法,涉 SPF、DKIM、DMARC 三 DNS 记录。三者合用,可昭示于互联网,使众人信吾 email 之真。亦能护吾域免遭网络罪犯劫持,使其得以冒吾之名行骗于 email 间。

Gmail與Yahoo自二零二四年二月起,始行此認證之制於大量發信者。繼此之後,Microsoft於二零二五年五月,亦於Outlook.com、Hotmail、Live.com添置同制。若君尚未設此,則此制非復可選矣。

SPF、DKIM、DMARC者,實際為何能之

三协议各攻一弊于邮件认证。SPF验发信之服务器得授权。DKIM加密钥之印于出信,证其未遭变乱。 

DMARC者,合二者之由也。其布策于众,示受信之师,令其遇检之失,各循其道;且导认证之报,返诸尔。

尔诚需三者。独用SPF,不能阻人伪作“发自”之址于受者之箱。独用DKIM,亦不能察非授权服务器所发之电。必三者并用,方得周全之御,既解投递之困,复防域名之诈。

一、SPF:授权代尔发信之服务器

screenshot-tool-20260521185856.png
截图者:Ritoban Mukherjee/ZDNET

SPF(发件人策略框架)者,乃DNS TXT之记录,列明凡有权代为发送贵域之邮件之IP地址及邮件服务器。当收件之邮件服务器接获声称源自汝之消息时,必检视该记录于发送服务器之IP。若IP不在列,则消息不达。

复有: 此乃吾最爱之邮件妙术,可自动清理收件箱之杂乱。

此之设,须登域名注册商(如GoDaddy、Cloudflare、Namecheap等)之门,于域根添一TXT之录。其法若此: 

  1. 首取SPF之值于邮服务。Google Workspace、Microsoft 365及众平台,皆于其域认证之页供所需之录值,可直抄之。Google Workspace之例,若此:v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all。 

  2. 若通过众服务寄邮件,当并置同录,如 v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:spf.protection.outlook.com ~all 

  3. 登入管理域名DNS记录之平台。此平台或为GoDaddy、Cloudflare、Namecheap、Route 53等。于DNS页面创建新TXT记录,设主机为@(根域名),并粘贴前步所得SPF值。

此易如反掌!然须记,汝域仅能有一SPF TXT记录,DNS查询不得过十。若另立SPF记录,非改旧者,则二者俱废。故当使授权发信者之列,务求精简。 

2. DKIM:为每封邮件加防篡改之签章

screenshot-tool-20260521185419.png
由Ritoban Mukherjee/ZDNET摄制之图

DKIM(DomainKeys Identified Mail)以公钥密码术签发君之发信。君之邮伺附以私钥之印,俾受者得验之,以君所布于DNS之公钥相合。若邮件于君伺与受者之箱间有所更易,则此印之验必败。

亦然: 此简法邮件,可免烦营销之扰(且免费)

Google Workspace、Microsoft 365及SendGrid等主要邮件平台,皆能为你生成DKIM密钥对。汝之责,乃取其公钥,入域之DNS设置,为TXT记录新添之。 

虽确然之设置步骤因汝之邮电供者与域注册者而异,然此乃概略之要旨,汝当知之。 

  1. 若汝用Google Workspace、Microsoft 365、SendGrid、Mailchimp诸邮电供者,则当至其域认证设置之页,自会为汝生成DKIM之录。譬如,若汝用Google Workspace,此设于>谷歌工作空间(Google Workspace)>谷歌管理控制台之Gmail。点击以生成新记录,先复制此值。 

  2. 次,往域名注册商之DNS设置页,仿此前设SPIF时,立一新TXT记录。然须记,或有提供者,亦需此作CNAME记录,非TXT,故当参/email提供者之文牍。 

  3. 将主机名及电子邮件服务商所提供之记录值,填入新之DNS记录。慎防错字,盖此可影响域之安全也。

  4. 今复返至邮箱服务商之认证设置。此乃启用 DKIM 签名于域之所在。于 Google Workspace,此举需重访管理控制台之“认证邮箱”页面,并点“开始认证”。切记,须待二十四至四十八时辰,因 DNS 记录需时传播于域中。 

DKIM之于转发之信尤效。转发常破SPF,盖因IP之址易也,然DKIM之署则多完存。是故转发之电,犹可通验,虽SPF独用则败。 

3. DMARC:定验败之时所行之事

screenshot-tool-20260521190257.png
Ritoban Mukherjee/ZDNET摄于屏

DMARC(域消息认证、报告及合规性)者, SPF与DKIM之政策层也,使二者得以施行。无之,则受信之服务器遇检核不验,无以知所行,而汝亦无从察其故。今述其施行之法:

  1. 首当为DMARC之报告设专匣,如 reports@yourdomain.com 是也。 

  2. 大多电子邮件服务商于其仪表盘内提供DMARC生成器,然亦可用第三方服务,如MXToolbox或DMARCLY. 

  3. 增立一TXT记录。主机名当为_dmarc。直接自DMARC生成器中粘贴记录值。 

  4. 候尔专箱,二四周内,察失报之讯。此可显箱之弊,须治以臻善达。

复: 吾试NordVPN之免费诈检器,以真仿电,其效若何。

若他二者然,DMARC亦为TXT之记录,今时增于_dmarc.yourdomain.com。其初之记录,若此:v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:reports@yourdomain.com。p=none之设,谓接收之服务器于失败之消息无所行,然将寄汝所指定之地址以总集之报告。其报告示何服务代汝发送,及其是否通过认证。

既阅数周之报,而确认合法之函畅行无阻,则可收束其策。移至p=quarantine,使不逮之讯归诸 spam,终至p=reject,则可尽阻之。 

不察报而径行p=reject,殆为吾所常见之谬,终致阻己之营销或交易之函。

何故不能择一而用

各协议有隙,他者补之。SPF验发件服务器,然不验收件者所见之“From”地址,故攻击者可过SPF而仍冒用汝域。DKIM验消息之全,然不验签发域是否与可见发件者相符。 

DMARC者,使诸要素相协,当有失其序,则施以所选之策。

合而观之,其成效可量。据Validity之《2025年邮件基准报告》载,认证妥当之域,其入收件箱之率,较未认证者,约高六十个百分点。凡行冷触达之策或广发简报者,此差即成败之别,一者有果,一者尽泯。

何以验吾记录之效

DNS之变,通常自十五刻至四十八时,方能遍传寰宇。及此期过,可即以利器验之,察诸事配置是否允当。MX Toolbox别设检核,辨SPF、DKIM、DMARC。亦可发试函于check@dmarcly.com,此函将应,以详尽之认证报章,言汝域之事。

复有: 最佳电子邮件托管服务2026:专家测试与评审

汝之DMARC總體報告,乃最貴重之持續信號。發布DMARC記錄後,一兩日內,報告即將抵達汝所指定之地址。其顯示凡以汝域發送電子郵件之伺服器,及其是否通過認證。定期閱讀之,乃及早發現錯誤配置之最佳之法,俾其未及影響汝之投遞率,亦未令汝之域被濫用於詐騙活動。