Paper 2026/627

Efficient and Parallel Implementation of Isogeny-based Deterministic Group Actions

Yi-Fu Lai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Kaizhan Lin, Fudan University

Yunlei Zhao, Fudan University

Abstract

Recent work by Houben (Asiacrypt'25) introduced a new formulation for class group actions on supersingular elliptic curves oriented by an imaginary quadratic order for an arbitrarily large discriminant. The algorithm is not only constant-time but also fully deterministic, dummy-free, and branch-free. As a result, it gives the fastest isogeny-based non-interactive key exchange (NIKE) in theory, referred to as OSIDH-LD in this paper. However, the current proof-of-concept SageMath implementation remains substantially slower than mainstream post-quantum key-exchange candidates. In this paper, we develop an efficient implementation of OSIDH-LD with several approaches. First, we provide algorithmic-level optimizations: (i) we develop the ``tail pruning'' approach such that key agreement avoids redundant orientation updates. This optimization maintains the fully deterministic and dummy-free feature of OSIDH-LD; (ii) we adapt a faster codomain isomorphism identification adapted from the technique used in the SQIsign implementations; and (iii) we present effective isogeny-computation strategies tailored to the cost profile of OSIDH-LD. Second, we adapt the parallelism technique. We apply the fork-join parallel execution model to optimize the class group action performance, and achieve near-perfect parallelism in key generation, as well as improved performance in key agreement. We provide two kinds of implementations to show the impacts of our improvements. The first one is in C with assembly language for field arithmetic, which verifies the correctness of our optimization techniques targeting OSIDH-LD. The experimental results show that our techniques lead to an overall $1.56\times$ and $1.87\times$ acceleration for key generation and key agreement, respectively. On an Intel Core i7 CPU, the resulting costs are 12.8~Gcycs (KeyGen) and 10.57~Gcycs (KeyAgree) at a conjectured CSIDH-4096 security strength. Second, we provide parallel implementations that exploit multi-threading and AVX-512 vector extensions, respectively, by batching independent subroutines in the class group action. In particular, the AVX-512 vectorized implementation is $4.97\times$ faster than the improved C+assembly implementation in key generation, which is close to the theoretical optimum.

Note: Log: 2026/04/02: Fixing typos and add a sentence in the abstract.

@misc{cryptoeprint:2026/627,
      author = {Weize Wang and Yi-Fu Lai and Kaizhan Lin and Yunlei Zhao},
      title = {Efficient and Parallel Implementation of Isogeny-based Deterministic Group Actions},
      howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2026/627},
      year = {2026},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/627}
}