Paper 2026/947

Efficient SIMD Implementation of the BLS Signature Scheme Using Intel AVX-512

Hao Cheng, Shandong University

Georgios Fotiadis, Ubitech Ltd.

Jipeng Zhang, National University of Singapore

Johann Großschädl, University of Luxembourg

Abstract

The BLS digital signature scheme, in particular its instantiation with the BLS12-381 curve, has become a cornerstone of modern blockchain protocols such as Ethereum Proof-of-Stake, due to its unique and attractive characteristics (e.g., support for non-interactive signature aggregation). Recently, Cheng et al. (CHES 2025) demonstrated that the enormous Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data (SIMD) computing power of the Intel AVX-512 extensions, when combined with carefully-designed vectorization strategies, can be effectively leveraged to speed up the computation of the optimal ate pairing on BLS12-381, a major component of BLS. This naturally raises the question of whether such SIMD-parallel processing can be exploited more extensively to benefit the entire BLS signature scheme. The present paper answers this question positively by presenting a highly SIMD-optimized BLS implementation using Intel AVX-512, especially the AVX-512IFMA instructions. In order to harness AVX-512 more efficiently for the performance-critical operations of BLS, we explored a wide range of optimization options, including various formulas and vectorization granularities for elliptic curve arithmetic operations, scalar multiplication, and hash-to-curve, as well as the fine-tuning and flexible use of different implementations of the finite-field arithmetic. Benchmarking results collected on an Intel Core i3-1005G1 ("Ice Lake") CPU show that our vectorized BLS software using AVX-512 is at least 1.57 times faster than an x64 assembly implementation of the widely-used blst library.

@misc{cryptoeprint:2026/947,
      author = {Ganqin Liu and Hao Cheng and Georgios Fotiadis and Jipeng Zhang and Johann Großschädl},
      title = {Efficient {SIMD} Implementation of the {BLS} Signature Scheme Using Intel {AVX}-512},
      howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2026/947},
      year = {2026},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/947}
}