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Cryptology ePrint Archive

Fast Isogeny Evaluation on Binary Curves Quick Draw Queries: Lightweight Searchable Public-key Ciphertexts with Hidden Structures via Non-Interactive Key Exchange A Constructive Treatment of Authentication Boolean Arithmetic over $\mathbb{F}_2$ from Group Commutators HAWK with Hint: Algebraic Key Recovery from Side-Channel Leakage Post-Quantum Secure k-Times Traceable Ring Signature A Key Schedule Design and Evaluation under Boundary Round-Key Leakage 2G2T: Constant-Size, Statistically Sound MSM Outsourcing Proximity Signatures Breaking Optimized HQC: The First Cache-Timing Full Decryption Oracle Key-Recovery Attack in Post-Quantum Cryptography Efficient Partially Blind Signatures from Isogenies Evaluating PQC KEMs, Combiners, and Cascade Encryption via Adaptive IND-CPA Testing Using Deep Learning High-Throughput Side-Channel-Protected Stream Cipher Hardware for 6G Systems Efficient e = 3 Threshold RSA via Integer Coordinates for Intel SGX Zeal: PIR for Non-Cooperative Databases VEIL: Lightweight Zero-Knowledge for Hash-Based Multilinear Proof Systems Witness-Indistinguishable Arguments of Knowledge and One-Way Functions The many faces of Schnorr: a touch-up Open Problems in List Decoding and Correlated Agreement Compressed Key Exchange Protocol from Orientations of Large Discriminant Using AVX-512 SPLASH: SPeculative Leakage-Adaptive Secure Hardware An Efficient Identity-Based Blind Signature Scheme from SM9 Efficient Batch Threshold Encryption Using Partial Fraction Techniques A note on the Unsuitability of LIGA for Linkable Ring Signatures: The perils of non-commutativity Verification Facade: Masquerading Insecure Cryptographic Implementations as Verified Code Cryptographic Implications of Worst-Case Hardness of Time-Bounded Kolmogorov Complexity Efficient Merkle-Tree Consistent Accumulator FLOSS: Fast Linear Online Secret-Shared Shuffling Which Privacy Blanket is Optimal in the Shuffle Model? 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A formal analysis of FLEX and FLEX2
Ramses Fernandez, Fairgate Labs · 2026-05-18 · via Cryptology ePrint Archive

Paper 2026/983

A formal analysis of FLEX and FLEX2

Abstract

This paper formalizes the cryptographic core of the FLEX protocol and its enhanced variation FLEX2 . The analysis formalizes a minimal ledger abstraction, capturing Taproot, CSV timelocks, and reorg bounds, and defines ideal functionalities implemented as transaction-DAG and state machines. Main contributions include proving on-chain enforceability, CDS secrecy, soundness, leakage-bounded privacy, and universal composability realization under standard assumptions.

Note: Minor typos detected and amended

BibTeX 

@misc{cryptoeprint:2026/983,
      author = {Ramses Fernandez},
      title = {A formal analysis of {FLEX} and {FLEX2}},
      howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2026/983},
      year = {2026},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/983}
}

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