在这里我们用多线程中最典型的例子，生产者与消费者问题。在这个例子里面我们定义了生产者Producer，消费者Consumer和仓库Warehouse三个类，在整个程序的生命周期里，生产者随机地制造出产品放到仓库中，消费者也是随即地从仓库中取出产品。
import exception.ProducerConsumerException;
/**
* Consumer.java
* Consumer
* By: Jiabo
* Date: Mar 21, 2004
* Time: 2:47:58 PM
*/
public class Consumer extends Thread {
private Warehouse warehouse;
private String id;
public Consumer(Warehouse warehouse, String id) {
this.warehouse = warehouse;
this.id = id;
}
public void run() {
int tmp = (int) Math.random() * 10;
try {
warehouse.get(tmp);
System.out.println("Consumer # " + this.id + " get " + tmp);
} catch (ProducerConsumerException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
sleep((int) (Math.random() * 100));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
在这个类中，值得注意的一点是run方法中必须使用try-catch，因为，消费者从仓库中取东西时有可能诸如仓库中的储量不够得异常，在消费者里面也是一样，只不过异常变为仓库已满。
import exception.*;
/**
* Producer.java
* Producer
* By: Jiabo
* Date: Mar 21, 2004
* Time: 2:47:45 PM
*/
public class Producer extends Thread {
private Warehouse warehouse;
private String id;
public Producer(Warehouse warehouse, String id) {
this.warehouse = warehouse;
this.id = id;
}
public void run() {
int tmp = (int) Math.random() * 10;
if (tmp != 0) {
try {
warehouse.put(tmp);
System.out.println("Consumer # " + this.id + " put " + tmp);
} catch (ProducerConsumerException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
sleep((int) (Math.random() * 100));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
最重要的一部分在Warehouse类，如上所说为了保证get何set的原子性，在这里使用了synchronized关键字，并且在操作时抛出了可能跑出的异常。
import exception.*;
/**
* Warehouse
* By: Jiabo
* Date: Mar 21, 2004
* Time: 2:48:10 PM
*/
public class Warehouse {
// max capability of the warehouse
private int MAX;
private int contents;
// init with max capacity
public Warehouse(int max) {
this.MAX = max;
this.contents = 0;
}
public synchronized void get(int amount) throws ProducerConsumerException {
// the amount you want to get is bigger than the contends that the warehouse stores
if (amount > this.contents) {
throw new NotEnoughGoodsException();
}
amount -= contents;
}
public synchronized void put(int amount) throws ProducerConsumerException {
// the amount you want to put is out of the capability of the warehouse
if (amount > (this.MAX - this.contents)) {
throw new WarehouseFullException();
} else if (this.contents == 0) {
// warehouse is empty
throw new WarehouseEmptyException();
}
amount += contents;
}
}
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