What Artemis III Will Do

The recently re-assigned mission, scheduled for mid-2027, will send astronauts into low Earth orbit aboard the Orion spacecraft, launched by NASA’s Space Launch System rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. However, rather than landing two astronauts at the moon’s South Pole — as originally planned — Artemis III is now planned as a critical test flight.

The four newly announced astronauts will focus on rendezvous and docking operations with two commercial lunar lander systems — Blue Origin’s Blue Moon and SpaceX’s Starship Human Landing System (HLS).

Artemis II, Artemis IV And Beyond

The mission follows the completed Artemis II flight, which sent three American astronauts and one Canadian around the moon in a partly European Space Agency-built Orion spacecraft. That mission delivered fabulous images of Earthset, and reinvigorated NASA’s human spaceflight program. With Artemis II complete, attention now turns to what comes next: testing the systems that could help put two astronauts on the moon in 2028 and, in the years after, build a permanent lunar base.

Artemis III Includes NASA And ESA Astronauts

NASA named Randy Bresnik as commander, ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano as pilot, and NASA astronauts Andre Douglas and Frank Rubio as mission specialists. NASA astronaut Bob Hines will serve as a backup crew member and train alongside the prime crew.

The assignment is especially significant for Europe. Parmitano becomes the first European Space Agency astronaut assigned to an Artemis mission. ESA’s European Service Module provides critical power and support functions for the Orion spacecraft.

“Luca’s assignment as pilot reflects the depth of European expertise in human spaceflight and draws on his extensive operational experience in high-pressure situations,” said Josef Aschbacher, ESA’s director general. He added that “Europeans can take pride in being part of this exciting journey,” stressing “Europe’s enduring role at the very heart of the Artemis program.”

Orion To Dock With Blue Origin And SpaceX Landers

During Artemis III, Orion will demonstrate rendezvous and docking capabilities with test versions of both Blue Moon and Starship IHS. Blue Origin’s lander pathfinder will launch first and wait in orbit. NASA would then send the Artemis III astronauts aboard Orion to rendezvous with the test article for about two days of docked operations, including crew entry into the lander.

After separating from Blue Moon, Orion will await SpaceX’s Starship pathfinder. The spacecraft would then dock for roughly a day of checkouts and technology demonstrations before Orion returns the crew to Earth for splashdown in the Pacific Ocean.

If both companies are ready — and nothing is guaranteed — Artemis III could become a face-off between two competing lunar lander systems. NASA will ultimately choose whichever system best supports its Artemis IV mission to land on the moon.

Artemis IV Now Carries The Moon Landing Goal

The Artemis program was formally named in 2019, when Artemis III was originally expected to land “the first woman and next man” near the lunar South Pole. Since then, Artemis I completed its uncrewed test flight in 2022 and Artemis II its crewed lunar flyby.

Under the updated plan, Artemis IV is now expected to send astronauts to lunar orbit in Orion, where they would rendezvous with either Blue Moon or SpaceX IHS. Two crew members would then descend to the surface and spend about a week near the Moon’s South Pole before returning to Orion for the journey home.

By testing Orion’s ability to dock with commercial landers in orbit, NASA hopes the Artemis III mission will reduce risk before asking astronauts to descend to the lunar surface. For Bresnik, Parmitano, Rubio and Douglas, their mission may not be a moon landing, but it will surely determine how soon the next one happens.

Wishing you clear skies and wide eyes.