Forget grand gestures. Psychological research shows that the strongest signs of love often appear in the smallest, strangest relationship habits.

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Popular culture has done us a strange disservice in the way it portrays love. Movies tell us that the signs of true love are loud and impossible to miss. It’s sprinting through an airport to stop someone from boarding a plane. It’s standing outside someone’s bedroom window with a boombox held overhead. It’s showing up unannounced with giant cue cards, confessing your feelings in the pouring rain.

These moments make for excellent storytelling because they’re dramatic and visually unforgettable. And in the early stages of romance, grand gestures like these do indeed serve a good purpose: they capture attention. They help people win each other over. But outside of fiction, these moments are rare. Most people will never experience them more than once in their lives, if at all. For some couples, they’re simply impractical; for others, they feel deeply unnatural, if not a little bit performative.

In real relationships, love is far from glamorous. It hides beneath habits and tiny psychological adjustments that couples stop noticing over time. Yet because we’re so conditioned to associate love with extravagance, these little signs can be easy to overlook. According to psychological research, some of the strongest indicators of love do not look romantic at all on the surface. In fact, a few of them can seem actively unappealing — unless, of course, you understand what they actually reveal beneath the behavior.

Here are two of the most unexpected signs that your partner truly loves you.

Sign 1: They Get Easily Annoyed

Perhaps your partner sighs dramatically when you leave dishes in the sink “to soak” for the third consecutive day. Maybe they complain that you never put the cap back on the toothpaste, interrupt them during movies or somehow manage to leave every cupboard door in the kitchen slightly ajar. Perhaps they insist, with increasing irritation, that you need to stop procrastinating on something important because they know it will stress you (and them) out later.

Few would say that these examples resemble love. Most of us imagine loving partners as endlessly patient and unbothered. We associate annoyance with incompatibility or contempt. But according to experimental psychological research, the inverse may actually be true.

In a 2018 study published in Social Psychological and Personality Science with 180 heterosexual couples, researchers found that a specific form of negative communication (called “negative-direct communication”) was actually associated with higher relationship quality and stronger perceptions of partner commitment over time.

Negative-direct communication refers to behaviors like expressing frustration, criticizing a problematic habit or confronting issues head-on. That is, it often looks a lot like annoyance.

The researchers found that when one partner acted as an “agent of change” — meaning that they pushed for improvements within the relationship, rather than avoiding conflict altogether — it signaled commitment to the other person. Their willingness to engage (even imperfectly, annoyedly) conveyed the belief that the relationship, quite literally, is worth fighting for.

This effect was especially powerful for people who were uncertain about how committed their partner really was. In those cases, direct engagement served as behavioral evidence that their partner cared enough to invest emotional energy into the relationship.

Of course, this isn’t to say that chronic hostility or cruelty are a good signs. Persistent contempt, humiliation and aggression are undeniably damaging to partners and relationships. But ordinary annoyance — the kind that shows that they want things to function better — can actually be evidence of emotional investment.

After all, indifference is often far more concerning than irritation. If someone truly doesn’t care, then they’d likely stop engaging altogether. They stop reminding you, stop arguing, stop trying to improve things. Annoyance, on the other hand, tells us that there’s always hope. It reflects the belief that the relationship can be better, smoother or healthier.

In this sense, couples often need to give each other a little more grace. If your partner is willing to tell you when something bothers them, they’re also giving you the opportunity to repair it, which demands a degree of vulnerability. It’s far easier, in many cases, to just withdraw; risking conflict by speaking honestly is the brave — and, evidently, loving — thing to do.

And if you have a partner who seemingly intentionally annoys you, don’t fret too much, either. The reverse can also be true: sometimes, people annoy the people they love most in the world on purpose.

Couples often develop their own highly specific ways of teasing each other over time. One partner knows exactly which word pronunciation will trigger an eye-roll. The other knows precisely how long to pause before replying just to provoke mock outrage. These tiny acts of playful irritation may seem insignificant, but it’s worth noting that it takes years of attention to learn another person that well. To know exactly which button to push, you first have to spend a long time studying the control panel.

Sign 2: They’re Forgetful

Maybe your partner can never remember where they left their keys when you’re around. Perhaps they routinely forget birthdays, dinner reservations or directions to places you’ve visited together hundreds of times. Maybe they constantly ask you where something is, even though they had it in their hands no more than five minutes ago.

It can be deeply frustrating to live with someone forgetful. But according to psychologists, this kind of absentmindedness may actually reflect a hidden form of closeness.

In a renowned 1991 study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researchers explored how memory functions within romantic relationships. The authors studied 118 romantically involved individuals who had been dating for at least three months. Participants completed memory tasks — either with their romantic partners, or with opposite-sex strangers from other couples.

Some pairs were given explicit instructions about who should remember which categories of information. For example, one person might be assigned food-related items while the other handled history-related items. Other pairs were given no structure at all. Fasincatingly, they found that couples actually performed worse when they were forced into an externally assigned memory structure.

Why? Because close couples had already developed their own internal system for distributing information. This is what psychologists call a “transactive memory system.” Essentially, couples begin unconsciously outsourcing certain types of remembering to one another. One partner becomes the person who remembers birthdays, travel logistics and social plans. The other becomes the one who remembers passwords, practical details or where important documents are stored.

Over time, the relationship itself starts functioning almost like a shared brain, and each partner is mentally delegated certain responsibilities. In turn, your individual brain learns that your partner is the one who reliably “handles” certain categories of information. As a result, it gradually stops allocating as many resources toward retaining them independently.

In the study, individuals performed worse when separated from their partners because part of their memory system was effectively missing. Together, however, couples often outperformed individuals working alone; the couple’s shared memory became greater than the sum of its parts.

This changes the way we interpret everyday forgetfulness in relationships. The partner who constantly asks where their car keys are may not simply be inattentive. More likely, their brain has categorized you as the keeper of spatial organization. The one who cannot remember family birthdays may have unconsciously delegated that responsibility because they trust your memory system to absorb it.

Once again, this in no way excuses a partner who consistently puts the entire mental load of a relationship onto the other. Healthy relationships will always require a strong sense of balance and reciprocity. But occasional forgetfulness can signal something that’s unexpectedly sweet: psychological reliance. Their mind has made room for you.

Curious about the lesser-known signs of a genuinely good partner? Take my fun Green Flag Personality Test to uncover your secret personality traits that are linked to healthy, lasting relationships.