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As organizations face growing pressure to show real progress on sustainability, many are looking for better ways to measure, verify and report their efforts. Blockchain is gaining attention for this purpose because it can create shared, tamper-resistant records that multiple parties can review and trust, which could help close persistent gaps in transparency and accountability.
Still, blockchain isn’t a magic fix for sustainability reporting—its value depends on the quality of the data being entered and the systems built around it. Below, members of Forbes Technology Council discuss sustainability challenges blockchain may be especially well suited to address and why the technology could play a practical role in making progress more measurable.
Sustainability reporting today is a snapshot taken once a year by people who weren’t there for the other 364 days. Blockchain shifts the model from periodic attestation to a continuous record. Every action gets logged as it happens, not reconstructed in hindsight. That closes the window where numbers get massaged, rounded or quietly forgotten before they reach the annual report. - Marc Fischer, Dogtown Media LLC
Organizations can tokenize physical waste. When individuals collect plastic waste and bring it to a verified recycling center, they are immediately rewarded with digital tokens or stablecoins via a blockchain network. The system simultaneously tracks the recycled material, turning a trash problem into an opportunity by directly paying people to clean up their communities. - Konstantin Klyagin, Redwerk
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Addressing the consumer’s daily reality—grocery shopping purchases—is an opportunity. Most people wonder if the “organic,” "regenerative," or “carbon neutral” labels on food products are legitimate. Blockchain can link farm practices, water use, soil health, transport emissions and labor conditions directly to the barcode or QR code on packaging. This empowers consumers to make truly informed choices. - Durga Krishnamoorthy, Cognizant Technology Solutions
Blockchain can fix sustainability’s biggest weakness: trust in measurement. Instead of self-reported ESG metrics, every input—energy, logistics and suppliers—is immutably recorded, with methods attached. You don’t audit results; you audit the system. This enables real-time verification, prevents metric manipulation and ties incentives to provable impact, not claims. - Rahul Wankhede, Humana
Blockchain is best suited for claim integrity in multiparty supply chains, especially for Scope 3 emissions or recycled materials. It will not make bad data accurate, but it can make each handoff, certification and revision tamper-evident. Sustainability does not fail from lack of claims; it fails from lack of proof. - Mateusz Przepiorkowski, Appsfactory International
Supply chain provenance is the natural fit, but not for the reason most cite. The real problem is not tracking carbon. It is trusting the claim. Every sustainability report rests on self-reported data from suppliers three tiers deep. Blockchain matters because it makes tampering expensive, not because it makes data accurate. Use it to lock in attestation, then audit the humans behind the entries. - Sarah Choudhary, Ice Innovations
Carbon credit double-counting across registries is a challenge. Verra, Gold Standard and a dozen national programs all issue credits for the same project, and buyers can’t tell the difference. It’s a double-spend problem—one thing blockchain was supposedly built to solve, but did it? A unified issuance ledger could ensure there’s one credit and one retirement for each project. It’s a boring, unsexy fix, but it’s also one of the highest-leverage solutions in the market. - Dan Sorensen, Nexus Security Advisors
A key challenge isn’t just traceability; it’s accountability. Many companies can measure sustainability but struggle to act on it. Blockchain can help by linking outcomes to incentives through smart contracts, automatically rewarding or penalizing based on real impact. This shifts sustainability from reporting to real, outcome-driven action. - Arun Goyal, Octal IT Solution LLP
One of the biggest barriers organizations face is measuring and proving the real impact of their sustainability efforts. For example, IT teams often lack clear, trustworthy data across the lifecycle of devices and systems. Blockchain can help create a verifiable record of that data, making it easier to track impact and turn sustainability into something measurable and accountable. - Oliver Van Camp, Barco ClickShare
Blockchain is perfectly suited for circular supply chain tracking. In healthcare, we struggle to track the lifecycle of medical devices or sensitive pharmacy shipments. Blockchain provides a permanent digital passport for these items. It ensures transparency in how hardware is recycled or how medicine is handled, turning vague sustainability goals into measurable, tamper-proof facts. - Mahendran Chinnaiah
As an AI researcher building autonomous systems, I see sustainability reporting failing due to manual, easily manipulated audits. Blockchain perfectly enables autonomous ESG verification. When supply chain sensors feed directly into immutable smart contracts, organizations replace vague marketing claims with irrefutable, mathematically verified proof of impact. - Dhyey Mavani, Amherst College
A strong use case is circular asset passports for batteries, servers and industrial equipment. Blockchain can log repair history, material origin, reuse, resale and end-of-life recovery across owners. That turns sustainability from annual reporting into provable lifecycle accountability—harder to fake, easier to audit and better at cutting waste. - Akhilesh Sharma, A3Logics Inc.
A critical challenge is coordinating multiparty sustainability commitments in shared ecosystems like industrial clusters. Progress often stalls due to mistrust in collective action. Blockchain can record commitments, contributions and outcomes transparently, enabling synchronized accountability and reducing free rider risk while ensuring each participant’s effort is visible and verifiable. - Jagadish Gokavarapu, Wissen Infotech
A challenge is the chain of custody for recycled and ethically sourced materials. The hard part isn’t measuring impact. It’s proving that a specific batch of lithium, cobalt or recycled plastic actually moved through verified hands without being mixed or relabeled. A tamper-resistant ledger helps tie physical goods to verifiable records, making claims harder to inflate. - Dan Haiem, AppMakers USA
The strongest fit for blockchain is zero-knowledge sustainability reporting. Companies can’t release supplier or facility-level data without exposing competitive intelligence, so verifiers settle for sanitized summaries. ZK proofs let a company cryptographically prove that emissions fall below a threshold or that a supply chain meets a standard without revealing the inputs. It’s an audit without disclosure. - Lihong Wang, Freeport Markets
Blockchain can be especially useful for improving water usage accountability across operations and supply chains. By creating a shared, tamper-proof record of consumption and sourcing, organizations can track where water is being used, wasted or overdrawn. This is valuable because water data is often fragmented, and better transparency helps drive more responsible usage and compliance. - Kshitij Dixit, Zeo Route Planner
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